pattern characteristics

 

модель роста города
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

EN

pattern of urban growth
The combination of acts, tendencies and other observable characteristics that demonstrates a municipal area's progress or state of development, including its population trends. (Source: RHW)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

Тематики

• охрана окружающей среды

EN

• pattern of urban growth

DE

• städtisches Wachstumsschema

FR

• schéma d'urbanisation

    The Characteristics of Neural Networks That Make Them So Useful

   1. A neural network is composed of a number of very simple processing elements [("neurodes")] that communicate through a rich set of interconnections with variable weights or strengths.

   2. Memories are stored or represented in a neural network in the pattern of variable interconnection weights among the neurodes. Information is processed by a spreading, constantly changing pattern of activity distributed across many neurodes.

   3. A neural network is taught or trained rather than programmed. It is even possible to construct systems capable of independent or autonomous learning....

   4. Instead of having a separate memory and controller, plus a stored external program that dictates the operation of the system as in a digital computer, the operation of a neural network is implicitly controlled by three properties: the transfer function of the neurodes, the details of the structure of the connections among the neurodes, and the learning law the system follows.

   5. A neural network naturally acts as an associative memory. That is, it inherently associated items it is taught, physically grouping similar items together in its structure. A neural network operated as a memory is content addressable; it can retrieve stored information from incomplete, noisy, or partially incorrect input cues.

   6. A neural network is able to generalize; it can learn the characteristics of a general category of objects based on a series of specific examples from that category.

   7. A neural network keeps working even after a significant fraction of its neurodes and interconnections have become defective.

   8. A neural network innately acts as a processor for time-dependent spatial patterns, or spatiotemporal patterns. (Caudill & Butler, 1990, pp. 7-8)

 

выступление
[Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]

EN

Тематики

• спорт (общая терминология)

EN

• performance

 

исправная работа (машины)
—
[ http://slovarionline.ru/anglo_russkiy_slovar_neftegazovoy_promyishlennosti/]

Тематики

• нефтегазовая промышленность

EN

• performance

 

качественные показатели
качество
качественные характеристики
рабочая характеристика
показатели работы
исполнение
работа
производительность
—
[Л.Г.Суменко. Англо-русский словарь по информационным технологиям. М.: ГП ЦНИИС, 2003.]

Тематики

• информационные технологии в целом

Синонимы

• качество
• качественные характеристики
• рабочая характеристика
• показатели работы
• исполнение
• работа
• производительность

EN

• performance

 

качество функционирования
—
[ http://slovarionline.ru/anglo_russkiy_slovar_neftegazovoy_promyishlennosti/]

Тематики

• нефтегазовая промышленность

EN

• performance

 

коэффициент полезного действия
Отношение отдаваемой мощности к потребляемой активной мощности.
[ОСТ 45.55-99]

коэффициент полезного действия
КПД
Величина, характеризующая совершенство процессов превращения, преобразования или передачи энергии, являющаяся отношением полезной энергии к подведенной.
[РД 01.120.00-КТН-228-06]

коэффициент полезного действия
-
[IEV number 151-15-25]

EN

efficiency
ratio of output power to input power of a device
NOTE – If the output power and/or input power is electric, active power is meant.
[IEV number 151-15-25]

FR

rendement, m
rapport de la puissance de sortie à la puissance d'entrée d’un dispositif
NOTE – Lorsque la puissance d’entrée ou de sortie est électrique, il s’agit de puissance active.
[IEV number 151-15-25]

Тематики

• электротехника, основные понятия

Синонимы

• КПД

EN

• coefficient of efficiency
• coefficient of performance
• degree of efficiency
• effectiveness
• efficiency
• efficiency coefficient
• efficiency factor
• efficiency output
• performance
• performance factor

DE

• Wirkungsgrad

FR

• rendement, m

 

производительность
В количественном выражении это объем выпуска, деленный на объем потребленных ресурсов. В широком смысле относительная эффективность и экономичность организации.
[ http://tourlib.net/books_men/meskon_glossary.htm]

производительность
Мера того, что достигнуто или выработано системой, человеком, командой, процессом, или ИТ-услугой.
[Словарь терминов ITIL версия 1.0, 29 июля 2011 г.]

EN

performance
A measure of what is achieved or delivered by a system, person, team, process or IT service. 
[Словарь терминов ITIL версия 1.0, 29 июля 2011 г. ]

Тематики

• информационные технологии в целом
• менеджмент в целом

EN

• performance
• productivity

 

работоспособность
Состояние, при котором транспортное средство или его компоненты могут выполнять свои функции в соответствии с конструкторской или эксплуатационной документацией.
[Технический регламент о безопасности колесных транспортных средств]

работоспособность
-
[Интент]

Тематики

• автотранспортная техника
• общая техническая лексика

EN

• ability to work
• availability
• capacity for work
• efficiency
• fitness
• functionality
• healthy
• integrity
• operability
• operating capacity
• operational capability
• operational integrity
• operativeness
• performance
• performance ability
• performance capability
• service ability
• serviceability
• state of serviceability
• workability
• working ability
• working capacity
• working efficiency
• working-capacity

 

рабочая характеристика
-

Параллельные тексты EN-RU

If an MCCB is used in an elevated area higher than 2000m sea level, its operating performance is subject to dramatic drop in atmospheric pressure and temperature.
[LS Industrial Systems]

На рабочие характеристики автоматических выключателей в литом корпусе, работающих на высоте более 2000 м над уровнем моря, оказывают серьезное воздействие понижение атмосферного давления и температуры.
[Перевод Интент]

Тематики

• электротехника, основные понятия

EN

• operating character
• operating characteristic
• operating curve
• operating performance
• operational characteristic
• performance
• performance capability
• performance characteristic
• performance measure
• performance valuation
• performance value
• working characteristic

 

рабочие параметры
—
[Я.Н.Лугинский, М.С.Фези-Жилинская, Ю.С.Кабиров. Англо-русский словарь по электротехнике и электроэнергетике, Москва, 1999 г.]

Тематики

• электротехника, основные понятия

EN

• operating variables
• operating characteristics
• OC
• operational factors
• performance

 

рабочие характеристики
—
[Я.Н.Лугинский, М.С.Фези-Жилинская, Ю.С.Кабиров. Англо-русский словарь по электротехнике и электроэнергетике, Москва, 1999 г.]

Тематики

• электротехника, основные понятия

EN

• operational factors
• operating characteristics
• OC
• performance

 

результаты деятельности компании
Соотношение доходов и расходов компании, как это представлено в отчете о прибылях и убытках. См.Финансовый результат.
[ http://slovar-lopatnikov.ru/]

Тематики

• экономика

EN

• performance

 

технические характеристики
Ряд номинальных параметров или условий эксплуатации.
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-426-2006]

технические характеристики
-
[Интент]

Тематики

• взрывозащита
• проектирование, документация

EN

• characteristics
• data
• duty specifications
• engineering characteristic
• engineering data
• engineering specifications
• performance
• performance capability
• performance specification
• performance specifications
• rating
• specification
• specifications
• specifications manual
• TDS
• technical capability
• technical characteristics
• technical data
• technical data sheet
• technical details
• technical features
• technical performance
• technical specifications
• technical standards
• technical statement
• techspecs

FR

• caractéristiques generales
• caractéristiques techniques

 

функциональные характеристики
эксплуатационные характеристики
—
[Л.Г.Суменко. Англо-русский словарь по информационным технологиям. М.: ГП ЦНИИС, 2003.]

Тематики

• информационные технологии в целом

Синонимы

• эксплуатационные характеристики

EN

• performance

 

характеристика
Отличительное свойство.
Примечания
1. Характеристика может быть присущей или присвоенной.
2. Характеристика может быть качественной или количественной.
3. Существуют различные классы характеристик, такие как:
- физические (например, механические, электрические, химические или биологические характеристики);
- органолептические (например, связанные с запахом, осязанием, вкусом, зрением, слухом);
- этические (например, вежливость, честность, правдивость);
- временные(например, пунктуальность, безотказность, доступность);
- эргономические(например, физиологические характеристики или связанные с безопасностью человека);
- функциональные(например, максимальная скорость самолета).
[ ГОСТ Р ИСО 9000-2008]

характеристика
-
[IEV number 151-15-34]

EN

characteristic
relationship between two or more variable quantities describing the performance of a device under given conditions
[IEV number 151-15-34]

FR

(fonction) caractéristique, f
relation entre deux ou plusieurs variables décrivant le fonctionnement d'un dispositif dans des conditions spécifiées
[IEV number 151-15-34]

Тематики

• системы менеджмента качества
• электротехника, основные понятия

EN

• ability
• attribute
• behavior
• behaviour
• categorization
• character
• characteristic
• characteristic curve
• curve
• description
• feature
• letter of reference
• parameter
• pattern
• performance
• property
• qualification
• quality
• rating
• record
• response
• signature
• state
• testimonial

DE

• Charakteristik

FR

• (fonction) caractéristique, f

 

характеристики (работы)/качество работы
Свойство, позволяющее отслеживать уровни использования услуг и ресурсов и влиять на оперативность и надежность сети посредством обратной связи. (МСЭ-Т Q.1741).
[ http://www.iks-media.ru/glossary/index.html?glossid=2400324]

Тематики

• электросвязь, основные понятия

EN

• performance

2.24 деятельность (performance): Достижения в ходе мероприятия, процесса (2.31) или организации.

Источник: ГОСТ Р ИСО 24511-2009: Деятельность, связанная с услугами питьевого водоснабжения и удаления сточных вод. Руководящие указания для менеджмента коммунальных предприятий и оценке услуг удаления сточных вод оригинал документа

2.24 деятельность (performance): Достижения в ходе мероприятия, процесса (2.31) или организации.

Источник: ГОСТ Р ИСО 24512-2009: Деятельность, связанная с услугами питьевого водоснабжения и удаления сточных вод. Руководящие указания для менеджмента систем питьевого водоснабжения и оценке услуг питьевого водоснабжения оригинал документа

3.12 эксплуатационные характеристики (performance): Эффективность, с которой выполняется заданная функция (например, время реагирования, точность, чувствительность к изменению параметров).

Источник: ГОСТ Р МЭК 61226-2011: Атомные станции. Системы контроля и управления, важные для безопасности. Классификация функций контроля и управления оригинал документа

2.24 деятельность (performance): Достижения в ходе мероприятия, процесса (2.31) или организации.

Источник: ГОСТ Р ИСО 24510-2009: Деятельность, связанная с услугами питьевого водоснабжения и удаления сточных вод. Руководящие указания по оценке и улучшению услуги, оказываемой потребителям оригинал документа

3.11 исполнение (performance): Условия эксплуатации, для которых показатели назначения газоанализатора установлены опытным путем.

Источник: ГОСТ Р МЭК 61207-1-2009: Газоанализаторы. Выражение эксплуатационных характеристик. Часть 1. Общие положения оригинал документа

   1) All Human Complex Problem Solving Is Creativity

   Put in this bald way, these aims sound utopian. How utopian they areor rather, how imminent their realization-depends on how broadly or narrowly we interpret the term "creative." If we are willing to regard all human complex problem solving as creative, then-as we will point out-successful programs for problem solving mechanisms that simulate human problem solvers already exist, and a number of their general characteristics are known. If we reserve the term "creative" for activities like discovery of the special theory of relativity or the composition of Beethoven's Seventh Symphony, then no example of a creative mechanism exists at the present time. (Simon, 1979, pp. 144-145)

   2) Artificial Intelligence Models of Creative Association

   Among the questions that can now be given preliminary answers in computational terms are the following: how can ideas from very different sources be spontaneously thought of together? how can two ideas be merged to produce a new structure, which shows the influence of both ancestor ideas without being a mere "cut-and-paste" combination? how can the mind be "primed," so that one will more easily notice serendipitous ideas? why may someone notice-and remember-something fairly uninteresting, if it occurs in an interesting context? how can a brief phrase conjure up an entire melody from memory? and how can we accept two ideas as similar ("love" and "prove" as rhyming, for instance) in respect of a feature not identical in both? The features of connectionist AI models that suggest answers to these questions are their powers of pattern completion, graceful degradation, sensitization, multiple constraint satisfaction, and "best-fit" equilibration.... Here, the important point is that the unconscious, "insightful," associative aspects of creativity can be explained-in outline, at least-by AI methods. (Boden, 1996, p. 273)

   3) Creative Innovation and Social Independence

   There thus appears to be an underlying similarity in the process involved in creative innovation and social independence, with common traits and postures required for expression of both behaviors. The difference is one of product-literary, musical, artistic, theoretical products on the one hand, opinions on the other-rather than one of process. In both instances the individual must believe that his perceptions are meaningful and valid and be willing to rely upon his own interpretations. He must trust himself sufficiently that even when persons express opinions counter to his own he can proceed on the basis of his own perceptions and convictions. (Coopersmith, 1967, p. 58)

   4) Ego Strength and Emotional Stability among Creative Geniuses

   he average level of ego strength and emotional stability is noticeably higher among creative geniuses than among the general population, though it is possibly lower than among men of comparable intelligence and education who go into administrative and similar positions. High anxiety and excitability appear common (e.g. Priestley, Darwin, Kepler) but full-blown neurosis is quite rare. (Cattell & Butcher, 1970, p. 315)

   5) Its Mundane Character

   he insight that is supposed to be required for such work as discovery turns out to be synonymous with the familiar process of recognition; and other terms commonly used in the discussion of creative work-such terms as "judgment," "creativity," or even "genius"-appear to be wholly dispensable or to be definable, as insight is, in terms of mundane and well-understood concepts. (Simon, 1989, p. 376)

   6) Mozart's Musical Ideas Came to Him in Polished Form

   From the sketch material still in existence, from the condition of the fragments, and from the autographs themselves we can draw definite conclusions about Mozart's creative process. To invent musical ideas he did not need any stimulation; they came to his mind "ready-made" and in polished form. In contrast to Beethoven, who made numerous attempts at shaping his musical ideas until he found the definitive formulation of a theme, Mozart's first inspiration has the stamp of finality. Any Mozart theme has completeness and unity; as a phenomenon it is a Gestalt. (Herzmann, 1964, p. 28)

   7) Scientific Theories and Works of Art Alike Originate in Fantasy

   Great artists enlarge the limits of one's perception. Looking at the world through the eyes of Rembrandt or Tolstoy makes one able to perceive aspects of truth about the world which one could not have achieved without their aid. Freud believed that science was adaptive because it facilitated mastery of the external world; but was it not the case that many scientific theories, like works of art, also originated in phantasy? Certainly, reading accounts of scientific discovery by men of the calibre of Einstein compelled me to conclude that phantasy was not merely escapist, but a way of reaching new insights concerning the nature of reality. Scientific hypotheses require proof; works of art do not. Both are concerned with creating order, with making sense out of the world and our experience of it. (Storr, 1993, p. xii)

   8) Self- Esteem and Creative Expression

   The importance of self-esteem for creative expression appears to be almost beyond disproof. Without a high regard for himself the individual who is working in the frontiers of his field cannot trust himself to discriminate between the trivial and the significant. Without trust in his own powers the person seeking improved solutions or alternative theories has no basis for distinguishing the significant and profound innovation from the one that is merely different.... An essential component of the creative process, whether it be analysis, synthesis, or the development of a new perspective or more comprehensive theory, is the conviction that one's judgment in interpreting the events is to be trusted. (Coopersmith, 1967, p. 59)

   9) Stages in Creative Problem- Solving

   In the daily stream of thought these four different stages [preparation; incubation; illumination or inspiration; and verification] constantly overlap each other as we explore different problems. An economist reading a Blue Book, a physiologist watching an experiment, or a business man going through his morning's letters, may at the same time be "incubating" on a problem which he proposed to himself a few days ago, be accumulating knowledge in "preparation" for a second problem, and be "verifying" his conclusions to a third problem. Even in exploring the same problem, the mind may be unconsciously incubating on one aspect of it, while it is consciously employed in preparing for or verifying another aspect. (Wallas, 1926, p. 81)

    10) The Bisociative Pattern of the Creative Synthesis

   he basic, bisociative pattern of the creative synthesis [is] the sudden interlocking of two previously unrelated skills, or matrices of thought. (Koestler, 1964, p. 121)

    11) The Earliest Stages in the Creative Process Involve a Commerce with Disorder

   Even to the creator himself, the earliest effort may seem to involve a commerce with disorder. For the creative order, which is an extension of life, is not an elaboration of the established, but a movement beyond the established, or at least a reorganization of it and often of elements not included in it. The first need is therefore to transcend the old order. Before any new order can be defined, the absolute power of the established, the hold upon us of what we know and are, must be broken. New life comes always from outside our world, as we commonly conceive that world. This is the reason why, in order to invent, one must yield to the indeterminate within him, or, more precisely, to certain illdefined impulses which seem to be of the very texture of the ungoverned fullness which John Livingston Lowes calls "the surging chaos of the unexpressed." (Ghiselin, 1985, p. 4)

    12) The Inner Life of the Creative Process

   New life comes always from outside our world, as we commonly conceive our world. This is the reason why, in order to invent, one must yield to the indeterminate within him, or, more precisely, to certain illdefined impulses which seem to be of the very texture of the ungoverned fullness which John Livingston Lowes calls "the surging chaos of the unexpressed." Chaos and disorder are perhaps the wrong terms for that indeterminate fullness and activity of the inner life. For it is organic, dynamic, full of tension and tendency. What is absent from it, except in the decisive act of creation, is determination, fixity, and commitment to one resolution or another of the whole complex of its tensions. (Ghiselin, 1952, p. 13)

    13) The Problem of What Impels the Creative Person

   [P]sychoanalysts have principally been concerned with the content of creative products, and with explaining content in terms of the artist's infantile past. They have paid less attention to examining why the artist chooses his particular activity to express, abreact or sublimate his emotions. In short, they have not made much distinction between art and neurosis; and, since the former is one of the blessings of mankind, whereas the latter is one of the curses, it seems a pity that they should not be better differentiated....

   Psychoanalysis, being fundamentally concerned with drive and motive, might have been expected to throw more light upon what impels the creative person that in fact it has. (Storr, 1993, pp. xvii, 3)

    14) Theories of Creative Thinking

   A number of theoretical approaches were considered. Associative theory, as developed by Mednick (1962), gained some empirical support from the apparent validity of the Remote Associates Test, which was constructed on the basis of the theory.... Koestler's (1964) bisociative theory allows more complexity to mental organization than Mednick's associative theory, and postulates "associative contexts" or "frames of reference." He proposed that normal, non-creative, thought proceeds within particular contexts or frames and that the creative act involves linking together previously unconnected frames.... Simonton (1988) has developed associative notions further and explored the mathematical consequences of chance permutation of ideas....

   Like Koestler, Gruber (1980; Gruber and Davis, 1988) has based his analysis on case studies. He has focused especially on Darwin's development of the theory of evolution. Using piagetian notions, such as assimilation and accommodation, Gruber shows how Darwin's system of ideas changed very slowly over a period of many years. "Moments of insight," in Gruber's analysis, were the culminations of slow long-term processes.... Finally, the information-processing approach, as represented by Simon (1966) and Langley et al. (1987), was considered.... [Simon] points out the importance of good problem representations, both to ensure search is in an appropriate problem space and to aid in developing heuristic evaluations of possible research directions.... The work of Langley et al. (1987) demonstrates how such search processes, realized in computer programs, can indeed discover many basic laws of science from tables of raw data.... Boden (1990a, 1994) has stressed the importance of restructuring the problem space in creative work to develop new genres and paradigms in the arts and sciences. (Gilhooly, 1996, pp. 243-244; emphasis in original)